Origins

Arney Family Origins

My family tree branch settled in Durham, CA from Ohio. A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DURHAM FAMILY gives a sense of one of the area's poineers: FREMONT'S BLACKSMITH - SAMUEL NEAL.

There are MANY Arney Families, not related, that came from various parts of Europe at various times per Maynard Clayton Arney

Some of the ARNEY Family Name Origins:

From 1708, many ARNE, ARNEY, EARNEY, ERNE, ARNY, ERNY, ERNE, AERNI, ARNI, ARNY families came to ports by ship in what was to become the United States of America.

No Ports required ships to provide a passenger list . . .

except, after 1727, the port of Philadelphia required ships to submit a passenger list (which was not always complete).

• ARNE - Scotland
• ARNEY, EARNEY, ERNE, ARNY - England

  dating back to at least 1369 - 43rd year of the reign of King Edward III with coat of Arms given to the Arney Family at the Visitation of Dorsetshire - 1623

  My Arney Family Story.

  Who are John Arney and John Henry Arney?

  Watermark Proves Existence Of Early Ohio Paper Mill

  The French and Indian War

  King George's War (1744-1748)

  Fort Duquesne's Capture - 1755

  British control of the upper Ohio Valley for the first time

• ERNE - Germany
• ERNY -
• AERNI, ARNI, ARNY - Switzerland

Palatinate Family Origins

Count HARRY KARL KURT EDWURD VON ARNIM from Germany had his family go to Switzerland, and change the name to ARNEY, because he was afraid that they would be killed as he had become contrary to the German Government Rulers. They, the Count's Family, left Switzerland sometime after 1851 and came to Cumberland County, Pennsylvania and became farmers.

The first Palatines came in 1708 and went into New York State. There were 43 individuals, with a Luther Minister, Christian David, as their leader. Andreas Volck [ FULK in this database ], Frederick Jurg Helsabeck [ HILSABECK in this database ] and Wernhardt Spoenhauer [ SPAINHOUR in this database ] as well as their their families were in this first group.

Palatine History,    German Palatine and Pennsylvania-Dutch ancestry

Quakers The Religious Society of Friends

"Quaker" denotes a member of this religious group. Quakerism is a multifarious religion.

The Religious Society of Friends
States, "Everything on these pages should be considered representative of some but not all Quaker thought." Great Resource for Quaker Organizations, etc.

Street Corner Society . . .
Contains and index of Quaker-specific historical materials available at this site and elsewhere.

Quaker history can be better understood in the broader historical context.

England Revolution in the mid-1600s The first civil war was fought from 1642 to 1646. In 1629, Charles I had dissolved Parliament, and for eleven years tried to rule on his own authority, to raise taxes, etc. On the occasion of a war on Scotland, he finally felt obliged to recall Parliament, but when they convened they took him to task for his abuses of power. By 1642, the two sides were mustering their own armies, and the war followed.

The second rebellion happened in 1647. The soldiers and officers of Cromwell's New Model Army, who had overthrown the British monarchy and were soon to establish a Commonwealth, publicly debated this document in 1647. These debates centered on some of the basic contradictions still with us today, still fought in the halls of Congress, and in the streets and public media of America and around the world.

The basic demand of the so-called "Levellers," that everyone be directly represented in government, was expressed in these mild words:

That the people of England, being at this day very unequally distributed by counties, cities, and boroughs, for the election of their deputies in Parliament, ought to be more indifferently proportioned, according to the number of inhabitants...

As radical Puritans, Independents, and Seekers, as Diggers and Ranters, and indeed, as soldiers in the New Model Army and as civilians in the "Leveller" campaigns, they had been looking for ways to bring the Kingdom of God into the world. However, between 1648 and 1651, in the hurly-burly of corrupt politics and military force, many of these groups found disillusion and defeat.

The Quaker movement first exploded in the hilly country of the North of England, then spread into other corners of Britain and into New England. In many places they met with savage resistance, led and directed by local authorities. They did little to reassure their foes, but moved again and again to attack hypocrisy and privilege. It seems they often had protection from the army, as is shown in a close reading of Fox's Journal. Sometimes they found soldiers their first (even their only) converts in an area. John Lilburne's Resurrection as a Quaker in 1655, perhaps startling to his friends in London, fits the pattern. (Lilburne, a Leveller leader, had been forced from the army years earlier; in his pamphlet he personally renounces the use of violence.)

In 1660, the Commonwealth period ended with the return of Charles II to take the place of his father, who had been executed by leaders of Parliament after the second round of civil war. Many of the powerful and well-to-do in England now supported the return of monarchy. Continued agitation by the radicals, including increasing numbers of Quakers, had threatened to topple their system of privilege.

The experience of Quakers after the Restoration is complex. On one hand, for example, Leveller principles were applied in Quaker governance of West New Jersey, and then, to a lesser degree, in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. On the other hand, a Quaker elite also developed -- including George Whitehead, William Penn, Robert Barclay, and George Keith. In one case in point, however, when Keith attempted to herd Quakers back to the "Christian" fold, he failed, partly because the Quaker leadership in Philadelphia stood by their somewhat unorthodox members and refused to buckle under pressure.

Moravian Community

"Moravian" denotes a member of this religious group.

Persecuted for many years in central Europe, in the 17th century they were reduced to meeting in secret and handing down their faith to their children as part of the family tradition. Under the influence of Christian David, and inspired by the pietist movement, a group of families moved from Moravia to Saxony in 1722, where they found refuge on the estate of a young Lutheran nobleman, Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf, and founded a religious village which they named Herrnhut ("protected by the Lord").

After an unsuccessful attempt to establish a Moravian settlement in Georgia (1735-1740), the Moravians settled in Pennsylvania on the estate of George Whitefield. The Moravian settlers purchased 500 acres to establish the settlement of Bethlehem in 1741. It remains the church headquarters today. In the 1740s and 1750s the church brought several shiploads of settlers to Bethlehem and the other congregational communities, the so-called "Sea Congregations", who assembled in Europe and traveled together to America.

Soon they bought the 5,000 acres of the Barony of Nazareth from Whitefield's manager, and the two communities of Bethlehem and Nazareth became closely linked in their agricultural and industrial economy. Other settlement congregations were established in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland. All were considered frontier centers for the spread of the gospel, particularly in mission to the American Indians.

Bishop Augustus Spangenberg led a party of men to survey a 100,000 acre tract of land in North Carolina, which came to be known as Wachau after an Austrian estate of Count Zinzendorf. The name, later anglicized to Wachovia, became the center of growth for the church in that region. Bethabara, Bethania and Salem (now Winston-Salem) were the first Moravian settlements in North Carolina.

Bethlehem in Pennsylvania and Winston-Salem in North Carolina became the headquarters of the two provinces (North and South), which developed as the Moravian Church in America became established as an autonomous church body after the Unity Synod of 1848. The church spread out from the geographical centers of Bethlehem and Winston-Salem, following German emigrants to the Midwest. At the end of the nineteenth century they responded to the spiritual needs of Moravian refugees of German ancestry who were fleeing to western Canada because of persecution in Eastern Europe. Such wide geographical spread caused the Northern Province to be divided into Eastern, Western and Canadian Districts.

Moravian Church Genealogy Links

The GEDCOM Standard